Families

Rosaceae

Selected genera

• Rosa蔷薇属薔薇属 roses
• Fragaria草莓属和蘭苺属 strawberries
• Malus苹果属林檎属 apples
• Prunus李属桜属 cherries, plums, peaches, apricots, almonds(!)
• Pyrus梨属梨属 pears
• Rubus悬钩子属木苺属 raspberries and blackberries

Features

• Usually 5 petals and 5 sepals
• Many stamens
• Leaves often have serrated/toothed edges
• Usually stipules, little leafy flaps where the leaf stalk meets the stem

Brassicaceae

Also called Cruciferae, “cross-bearing”, after its four petals in a cross.

Selected genera

• Brassica芸薹属油菜属 cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts (B. oleracea); turnips, pak choi (B. rapa)
• Armoracia辣根属西洋山葵属 horseradish
• Eruca芝麻菜属黄花蘿蔔属 rocket
• Eutrema山萮菜属山葵属 wasabi
• Nasturtium豆瓣菜属和蘭芥子属 watercress
• Raphanus萝卜属大根属 daikon, radish

Features

• 4 petals in a cross, 4 sepals
• Usually 6 stamens, 4 long and 2 short
• Contain glucosinolates, which turn into hot mustard oils when cut or chewed